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画这些 diagrams 其实很简单, 不管是几个 morphisms, 小学生都会画, 但这里仍不惜笔墨举这些例子让读者熟悉熟悉概念。其实许多东西在线性代数和抽象代数中都有涉及, 可以说这部分 categories 的知识还是比较 trivial 和 naive 的。 Precisely, i’ve described three different groups, but they’re all canonically isomorphic to each other — so we think of them as three different constructions of essentially the same group $c_5$, and when we say $c_5$, it doesn’t. A category with one object is a monoid, so you’re asking about monoids with three elements

There’s no reason there should only be one of these, and in fact up to isomorphism i believe there are exactly two. We will see many examples where a standard construction can be characterized as a terminal object (or as an initial object, which is the dual notion) in a suitable category. In such categories, dual concepts lose their symmetry

There are no morphisms a

0 unless a = 0, in particular if 0 = 1, then all objects are isomorphic In a paper i'm writing with christian williams, i'm more interested in the case where c c is a cartesian closed category with finite coproducts 1 → 1 + 1 f 1 → 1 + 1 can there be in this case

(all the examples i've given above are categories of this sort.) They also lend themselves more easily to generalization (e.g A groupoid is a category, with possibly many objects, where every morphism is an isomorphism or more informally a groupoid is a group with many objects ). A small category in which there is at most one morphism between any two objects and in which any isomorphism is an identity is called a partial order

Then the composition is uniquely determined by the morphisms as there is only one function into a set with one element.

There are three categories with one object and three morphisms, up to isomorphism Let's work in the abelian category generated by the objects and morphisms in the diagram E category sets of sets The objects are sets and the morphisms are (set) functions, that is, the elements of homsets(a, b) are the functions from a to b

Composition of morphisms is just composition of functions, and id^ is the function id a(a) = a for all a e a Note that the objects of sets do not form a set (or else we would encounter. If we are given a category with one object, and the morphisms all happen to be invertible, then we have in fact a group structure And further, just as described for monoids, we can turn every group into a category.

The same set of objects can lie in two quite different categories

For example we can consider the small set of groups but with morphisms all functions between the underlying sets, or two different groups both coming from categories with only one object. There are a number of results which count the number of possible algebraic structures on a set of $n$ elements Notable previous mo questions are for example here and here. If a group is thought of as a category with just one object, which we might denote *, then an element of the group becomes a morphism from * to itself (so is an automorphism of the object *).

The free category has three morphisms (paths) from bottom object to top object, whereas preorders are categories with at most one morphism between two given objects. Show for the category of sets and the category of abelian groups that a morphism is an epimorphism in the category if and only if its underlying set theoretic map is onto. This describes an equivalence between the category of groups and homomorphisms and the category of small categories with a single object in which every morphism is an isomorphism.

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